Menene API da Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari yayin haɓaka API?
API (Application Programming Interface) tsari ne na umarni, ƙa'idodi, ko buƙatu waɗanda ke ba software ko ƙa'ida damar yin amfani da fasali ko sabis na wani app, dandamali, ko na'ura don ingantattun ayyuka. A takaice, wani abu ne da ke ba apps damar sadarwa da juna.
API shine tushen duk ƙa'idodin da ke hulɗa da bayanai ko ba da damar sadarwa tsakanin samfura ko ayyuka biyu. Yana ba da damar aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ko dandamali don raba bayanan sa tare da wasu ƙa'idodi / dandamali da sauƙaƙe ƙwarewar mai amfani ba tare da haɗawa da masu haɓakawa ba.
Bugu da ƙari, APIs suna kawar da larura don ƙirƙirar dandali ko software daga karce. Kuna iya amfani da na yanzu ko wani dandamali ko app. Saboda waɗannan dalilai, tsarin ci gaban API shine mayar da hankali ga masu haɓaka app da shugabannin kamfanoni.
API ɗin aiki
A ce kun buɗe wasu aikace-aikacen XYZ ko gidan yanar gizo don yin ajiyar jirgi. Kun cika fom ɗin, kun haɗa da lokacin tashi da isowa, birni, bayanan jirgin, da sauran mahimman bayanai, sannan ku ƙaddamar da shi. A cikin ɗan daƙiƙa kaɗan, jerin jirage suna bayyana akan allon tare da farashi, lokaci, kasancewar wurin zama, da sauran bayanai. Ta yaya hakan ke faruwa a zahiri?
Don samar da irin wannan tsattsauran bayanai, dandamalin ya aika da buƙatu zuwa gidan yanar gizon kamfanin jirgin sama don samun damar bayanan bayanansu da samun bayanan da suka dace ta hanyar tsarin aikace-aikacen. Gidan yanar gizon ya amsa tare da bayanan da API Integration ya ba da shi zuwa dandamali kuma dandamali ya nuna shi akan allon.
Anan, app/dandali na yin ajiyar jirgin da gidan yanar gizon kamfanin jirgin sama suna aiki azaman wuraren ƙarewa yayin da API shine matsakaicin daidaita tsarin raba bayanai. Lokacin da ake magana game da sadarwar ƙarshen ƙarshen, API yana aiki ta hanyoyi biyu, wato, REST (Wakilin Jihar Canja wurin) da SOAP (Ka'idar Samun Samun Abu Mai Sauƙi).
Ko da yake duka hanyoyin suna kawo sakamako mai inganci, a kamfanin bunkasa wayar hannu ya fi son REST akan SABULU tunda SOAP APIs suna da nauyi kuma sun dogara da dandamali.
Don fahimtar tsarin rayuwar API da sanin yadda API ke aiki daki-daki, tuntuɓi masana mu a yau!
Kayan aikin Haɓaka API
Yayin da akwai plethora na kayan aikin ƙirar API da fasaha da aka sanye su cikin tsarin ƙirƙirar API, shahararrun fasahar ci gaban API da kayan aikin haɓaka APIs don masu haɓakawa sune:
- Apigee
Mai ba da kulawar API na Google ne wanda ke taimaka wa masu haɓakawa da ƴan kasuwa don yin nasara a canjin dijital ta hanyar sake kafa hanyar haɗin kai ta API.
- APIMatic da API Transformer
Waɗannan wasu shahararrun kayan aikin ne don haɓaka API. Suna ba da ingantattun kayan aikin tsarawa ta atomatik don gina manyan SDKs masu inganci da snippets na lamba daga takamaiman tsarin API da canza su zuwa wasu ƙayyadaddun tsari, kamar RAML, API Blueprint, da sauransu.
- API Kimiyya
Ana amfani da wannan kayan aikin da farko don kimanta ayyukan API na ciki da na waje.
- API ɗin Architecture mara Sabar
Waɗannan samfuran suna taimaka wa masu haɓaka app ta hannu wajen ƙira, gini, bugu, da kuma ɗaukar APIs tare da taimakon kayan aikin uwar garken tushen girgije.
- API-Platform
Wannan shine ɗayan tushen tushen tushen tushen PHP wanda ya dace don haɓaka API na yanar gizo.
- Auta0
Maganin sarrafa ainihi ne da ake amfani da shi don tantancewa da ba da izini APIs.
- ClearBlade
Mai ba da sabis na API ne don rungumar fasahar IoT a cikin tsarin ku.
- GitHub
Wannan buɗaɗɗen tushen tushen git sabis ɗin tallatawa yana ba masu haɓaka damar sarrafa fayilolin lamba, ja buƙatun, sarrafa sigar, da sharhin da aka rarraba a cikin rukuni. Hakanan yana ba su damar adana lambar su a cikin ma'ajiyar sirri.
- Wasikun Postman
Ainihin saƙon kayan aikin API ne wanda ke ba masu haɓaka damar gudu, gwadawa, daftarin aiki, da kimanta aikin API ɗin su.
- zagi
Tsarin buɗaɗɗen tushe ne wanda ake amfani dashi don haɓaka software na API. Manyan ƙwararrun fasaha irin su GettyImages da Microsoft suna amfani da Swagger. Kodayake duniya tana cike da APIs, har yanzu akwai babban gibi wajen amfani da fa'idar fasahar API. Yayin da wasu APIs ke sanya haɗin kai ga ƙa'idar ta zama iska, wasu kuma suna juya ta cikin mafarki mai ban tsoro.
Abubuwan Abubuwan Dole-Dole A Samu Na Ingantacciyar API
- Gyara tambura ko Bincika ta ma'auni
Babban fasalin API wanda app yakamata ya kasance shine Canjawa tambura/Bincike ta ma'auni. API ɗin yakamata ya bar masu amfani su bincika bayanai bisa ma'auni daban-daban, kamar kwanan wata. Wannan saboda canje-canje ne (sabuntawa, gyara da sharewa) waɗanda muke la'akari da su bayan aiki tare na farko na bayanan farko.
- paging
Sau da yawa, yana faruwa cewa ba ma son ganin cikakken bayanan da aka canza, amma kawai hango shi. A cikin irin wannan yanayin, API ɗin yakamata ya iya tantance adadin bayanai da za a nuna a tafi ɗaya da kuma wace mitar. Hakanan yakamata ya sanar da mai amfani na ƙarshe game da a'a. na shafukan bayanan da suka rage.
- Raba
Don tabbatar da cewa mai amfani na ƙarshe ya karɓi duk shafukan bayanai ɗaya bayan ɗaya, API ɗin yakamata ya ba masu amfani damar daidaita bayanai gwargwadon lokacin gyare-gyare ko wani yanayi.
- Tallafin JSON ko REST
Ko da yake ba dole ba ne, yana da kyau a yi la'akari da API ɗinku don zama RESTful (ko samar da goyon bayan JSON(REST)) don ingantaccen ci gaban API. APIs na REST ba su da ƙasa, masu nauyi, kuma suna ba ku damar sake gwada aiwatar da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu idan ta gaza. Wannan yana da wuyar gaske a yanayin SABULU. Bayan haka, JSON's syntax yayi kama da na yawancin yarukan shirye-shirye, wanda ke sauƙaƙa wa mai haɓaka app ɗin wayar hannu don sarrafa shi zuwa kowane harshe.
- Izini ta hanyar OAuth
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa mu'amalar shirin aikace-aikacenku ya ba da izini ta hanyar OAuth tunda yana da sauri fiye da sauran hanyoyin kawai kuna buƙatar danna maɓallin kuma an gama.
A takaice, lokacin sarrafawa ya kamata ya zama mafi ƙanƙanta, lokacin amsawa yana da kyau, kuma matakin tsaro babba. Yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci don saka ƙoƙari cikin mafi kyawun ayyuka na haɓaka API don tabbatar da aikace-aikacenku, bayan haka, yana ma'amala da tarin bayanai.
Ma'anar API
- Maɓallin API - Lokacin da buƙatar duba API ta hanyar siga kuma fahimtar mai nema. Kuma lambar da aka ba da izini ta shiga cikin maɓallin buƙatar kuma an ce API KEY ce.
- Ƙarshen Ƙarshen - Lokacin da API daga tsarin ɗaya ke hulɗa tare da wani tsarin, ɗayan ƙarshen tashar sadarwa an san shi azaman ƙarshen.
- JSON - JSON ko abubuwan Javascript ana amfani da su don zama tsarin bayanai da aka yi amfani da su don sigogin buƙatun APIs da jikin amsawa.
- SAMU – Amfani da hanyar HTTP ta API don samun albarkatu
- POST – Hanya ce ta RESTful API ta HTTP don gina albarkatu.
- OAuth - Madaidaicin tsarin izini ne wanda ke ba da dama daga ɓangaren mai amfani ba tare da raba kowane takaddun shaida ba.
- REST - Shirye-shiryen da ke haɓaka ingantaccen sadarwa tsakanin na'urori / tsarin biyu. REST yana raba bayanan kawai wanda ake buƙata ba cikakkun bayanai ba. Tsarin da aka aiwatar akan wannan gine-ginen an ce tsarin 'RESTful' ne, kuma mafi girman misali na tsarin RESTful shine Yanar Gizo ta Duniya.
- SOAP - SOAP ko Saƙon Samun Abu mai Sauƙi ƙa'idar saƙo ce don raba ingantaccen bayani a cikin aiwatar da ayyukan yanar gizo a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta.
- Latency - An bayyana shi azaman jimlar lokacin da tsarin haɓaka API ya ɗauka daga buƙatar zuwa amsa.
- Ƙayyadaddun ƙima - yana nufin taƙaita adadin buƙatun da mai amfani zai iya bugawa zuwa API kowane lokaci.
Mafi kyawun Ayyuka don Gina API ɗin Dama
- Yi amfani da Throttling
App Throttling babban al'ada ce don yin la'akari da karkatar da cunkoson ababen hawa, APIs na madadin, da kiyaye shi daga hare-haren DoS (Kin Sabis).
- Yi la'akari da ƙofar API ɗinku azaman Mai tilastawa
Yayin da ake kafa ƙa'idodi masu tsauri, aikace-aikacen maɓallan API, ko OAuth, tilas ne a ɗauki ƙofofin API azaman wurin tilastawa. Ya kamata a ɗauka azaman ɗan sanda wanda ke barin masu amfani da dama kawai su sami damar shiga bayanan. Ya kamata ya ba ku ikon ɓoye saƙon ko gyara bayanan sirri, kuma ta haka, bincika da sarrafa yadda ake amfani da API ɗin ku.
- Bada ƙetare hanyar HTTP
Tunda wasu wakilai kawai suna goyan bayan hanyoyin GET da POST, kuna buƙatar barin API ɗin RESTful ɗin ku ya mamaye hanyar HTTP. Don yin haka, yi amfani da na al'ada HTTP Header X-HTTP-Hanyar-Override.
- Ƙimar APIs da abubuwan more rayuwa
A halin yanzu, bincike na ainihi yana yiwuwa a samu, amma idan ana zargin uwar garken API yana da leaks na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, zubar da CPU, ko wasu irin waɗannan batutuwa? Don yin la'akari da irin waɗannan yanayi, ba za ku iya kiyaye mai haɓakawa a bakin aiki ba. Koyaya, zaku iya yin wannan cikin sauƙi ta amfani da kayan aikin da yawa da ake samu a kasuwa, kamar agogon girgije na AWS.
- Tabbatar da tsaro
Dole ne ku tabbatar da cewa fasahar API ɗinku tana da tsaro amma ba akan farashin abokantaka ba. Idan kowane mai amfani ya kashe fiye da mintuna 5 akan tantancewa to yana nufin API ɗinku yayi nisa daga kasancewa mai sauƙin amfani. Kuna iya amfani da ingantaccen tushen token don tabbatar da amincin API ɗinku.
- takardun
A ƙarshe amma ba ƙarami ba, yana da fa'ida don ƙirƙirar takaddun bayanai masu yawa don API don ƙa'idodin wayar hannu waɗanda ke ba wa sauran masu haɓaka ƙa'idodin wayar hannu damar fahimtar gabaɗayan tsari cikin sauƙi kuma suyi amfani da bayanin don ba da ingantaccen ƙwarewar mai amfani. A wasu kalmomi, takardun API masu kyau a cikin aiwatar da ingantaccen ci gaban API zai rage lokacin aiwatar da aikin, farashin aikin da haɓaka ingantaccen fasahar API.