Chii chinonzi API uye Zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo paunenge uchigadzira API?
API (Application Programming Interface) seti yemirairo, zviyero, kana zvinodiwa zvinoita kuti software kana app ishandise maficha kana masevhisi eimwe app, chikuva, kana mudziyo wemasevhisi ari nani. Muchidimbu, chinhu chinoita kuti mapurogiramu ataurirane.
An API ndiyo hwaro hwese maapplication anobata nedata kana kugonesa kutaurirana pakati pezvigadzirwa zviviri kana masevhisi. Inogonesa Mobile application kana chikuva kugovera data rayo nemamwe maapplication/mapuratifomu uye kurerutsa ruzivo rwemushandisi pasina kubatanidza vanogadzira.
Pamusoro pezvo, maAPIs anobvisa kukosha kwekugadzira inofananidzwa chikuva kana software kubva kutanga. Iwe unogona kushandisa yazvino kana imwe chikuva kana app. Nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi, iyo API yekuvandudza maitiro inotarisa kune vese vanogadzira maapplication nevakuru vekambani.
Kushanda kweAPI
Ngatiti wakavhura imwe XYZ app kana webhusaiti kuti utore ndege. Wakazadza fomu racho, kusanganisira nguva dzekusimuka uye dzekusvika, guta, ruzivo rwendege, uye rumwe ruzivo rwakakosha, wobva wariendesa. Mukati mechikamu chemasekonzi, runyoro rwendege rwunoonekwa pachiratidziri pamwe nemutengo, nguva, kuwanikwa kwezvigaro, uye zvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinoitika sei chaizvoizvo?
Kupa data rakasimba kudaro, chikuva chakatumira chikumbiro kuwebhusaiti yendege kuti uwane dhatabhesi yavo uye uwane data rakakodzera kuburikidza nechirongwa chekushandisa. Iyo webhusaiti yakapindura nedata iro API Kubatanidzwa kwakaunzwa kuchikuva uye chikuva chakariratidza pachiratidziri.
Pano, iyo yekubhuroka kwendege app/puratifomu uye webhusaiti yendege inoita semagumo nepo API iri yepakati inokwenenzvera nzira yekugovana data. Paunenge uchitaura nezve kutaurirana magumo, iyo API inoshanda nenzira mbiri, dzinoti, REST (Representational State Transfer) uye SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol).
Kunyangwe nzira mbiri idzi dzichiunza mhedzisiro inoshanda, a nhare mbozha yekuvandudza kambani inoda REST pane SIPO sezvo SIPO APIs dzinorema uye dzinotsamira papuratifomu.
Kuti unzwisise iyo API lifecycle uye kuziva-sei API inoshanda zvakadzama, taura nenyanzvi dzedu nhasi!
Zvishandiso zvekugadzira API
Nepo paine kuwanda kweiyo API dhizaini maturusi uye matekinoroji akashongedzerwa mukuita kwekugadzira API, yakakurumbira API yekuvandudza matekinoroji uye maturusi ekugadzira maAPI evagadziri ndeaya:
- Apigee
Iyo Google's API manejimendi mupi anobatsira vanogadzira uye mabhizinesi kuti vakunde pakushandurwa kwedhijitari nekutangazve nzira yekubatanidza API.
- APIMatic uye API Transformer
Aya ndiwo mamwe maturusi anozivikanwa ekuvandudza API. Ivo vanopa yakaomesesa otomatiki chizvarwa maturusi ekuvaka epamusoro-mhando maSDK uye kodhi snippets kubva kuAPI-chaiwo mafomati uye nekuashandura kuita mamwe mafomati mafomati, senge RAML, API Blueprint, nezvimwe.
- API Sayenzi
Ichi chishandiso chinonyanya kushandiswa kuongorora mashandiro emukati maAPI uye ekunze maAPI.
- API Serverless Architecture
Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinobatsira vanogadzira nharembozha mukugadzira, kuvaka, kutsikisa, uye kubata maAPI nerubatsiro rwe cloud-based server infrastructure.
- API-Platform
Iyi ndeimwe yeakavhurika-sosi PHP masisitimu ayo anokodzera yewebhu API kuvandudza.
- Munyori0
Iyo identity manejimendi mhinduro inoshandiswa kuratidza uye kupa mvumo maAPI.
- ClearBlade
Iyo API manejimendi mupi wekumbundira IoT tekinoroji mukuita kwako.
- GitHub
Iyi yakavhurika-sosi git repository yekubata sevhisi inoita kuti vanogadzira vagadzirise mafaera ekodhi, kudhonza zvikumbiro, kutonga kweshanduro, uye makomendi anogoverwa muboka rese. Izvo zvakare zvinoita kuti vachengetedze kodhi yavo mune zvakavanzika repositori.
- post-man
Iyo inongova API toolchain inopa simba vanogadzira kumhanya, kuyedza, kunyora, uye kuongorora mashandiro eAPI yavo.
- swagger
Iyo yakavhurika-sosi sisitimu iyo inoshandiswa kune API yekuvandudza software. Hofori huru dzetekinoroji dzakadai seGettyImages neMicrosoft dzinoshandisa Swagger. Kunyangwe nyika yakazara nema APIs, pachine mukaha mukuru pakushandisa zvinokwana zveAPI tekinoroji. Nepo mamwe maAPI achiita kusanganisa kuapp mhepo, vamwe vanoishandura kuita hope dzinotyisa.
Inofanirwa-Kuve Nezvimiro zveInoshanda API
- Kugadziridza timestamps kana Tsvaga nemaitiro
Iyo yekutanga API ficha iyo app inofanirwa kuve nayo ndeye Kugadziridza timestamps/Kutsvaga nemaitiro. An API inofanira kurega vashandisi kutsvaga data zvichienderana nemaitiro akasiyana, sezuva. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ndidzo shanduko (gadziridzo, gadzirisa uye kudzima) dzatinofunga mushure mekutanga kwekutanga data kuwiriranisa.
- Kuchengeta
Nguva zhinji, zvinoitika kuti isu hatidi kuona iyo data yakazara ichishandurwa, asi kungoona zvishoma. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, API inofanirwa kukwanisa kuona kuti ingani data rekuratidza mune imwe kuenda uye panguva ipi. Inofanirawo kuzivisa yekupedzisira-mushandisi nezve kwete. emapeji edata asara.
- Kuronga
Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mushandisi wekupedzisira anogamuchira ese mapeji e data rimwe nerimwe, iyo API inofanirwa kupa simba vashandisi kuronga data sepanguva yekugadziriswa kana mamwe mamiriro.
- JSON Tsigiro kana REST
Kunyangwe zvisiri zvekumanikidzwa, zvakanaka kufunga API yako seRESTful (kana kupa JSON rutsigiro(REST)) yekubudirira kweAPI. Iwo REST APIs haana mamiriro, akareruka-ane huremu, uye rega iwe uedze zvakare kurodha nharembozha app process kana ikatadza. Izvi zvakanyanya kuoma panyaya yeSIPO. Kunze kwezvo, syntax yeJSON yakafanana nemitauro mizhinji yekuronga, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kumugadziri weapp mobile kuti aiise mune chero mumwe mutauro.
- Mvumo kuburikidza neOAuth
Izvo zvakare zvakakosha kuti yako application program interface ibvumidze kuburikidza neOAuth sezvo iri kukurumidza kupfuura dzimwe nzira iwe unongoda kudzvanya bhatani uye zvaitwa.
Muchidimbu, nguva yekugadzirisa inofanirwa kuve shoma, nguva yekupindura yakanaka, uye chengetedzo yakakwira. Izvo zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuisa nhamburiko muiyo API yekuvandudza maitiro ekuchengetedza application yako, mushure mezvose, inobata nemurwi wedata.
Terminologies of API
- API Kiyi - Kana API yakatarisa chikumbiro kuburikidza neparameter uye kunzwisisa iye anokumbira. Uye iyo kodhi yemvumo yakapfuura mukiyi yekukumbira uye inonzi API KEY.
- Endpoint - Kana API kubva kune imwe sisitimu ichidyidzana neimwe sisitimu, imwe magumo enzira yekutaurirana inozivikanwa seyekupedzisira.
- JSON - JSON kana Javascript zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuve data fomati inoshandiswa kune maAPI ekukumbira paramita uye mhinduro muviri.
- GET - Kushandisa API's HTTP nzira yekuwana zviwanikwa
- POST - Ndiyo RESTful API's HTTP nzira yekuvaka zviwanikwa.
- OAuth -Iyo yakajairwa mvumo dhizaini inopa mukana kubva kudivi remushandisi pasina kugovera chero magwaro.
- REST - Iyo hurongwa inosimudzira kugona kwekutaurirana pakati pemidziyo miviri / masisitimu. REST inogovera iyo chete data inodiwa kwete iyo yakazara data. Iwo masisitimu anomisikidzwa pane ino chivakwa anonzi 'RESTful' masisitimu, uye muenzaniso wakakura kwazvo weRESTful masisitimu iWorld Wide Web.
- SOAP - SIPO kana Nyore Chinhu Kupinda Protocol iprotocol yekutumira mameseji yekugovera ruzivo rwakarongeka mukuitwa kwewebhu masevhisi mumakombuta network.
- Latency - Inotsanangurwa senguva yakazara inotorwa neiyo API yekuvandudza maitiro kubva pakukumbira kuenda kumhinduro.
- Rate Limiting - zvinoreva kudzora huwandu hwezvikumbiro izvo mushandisi anogona kurova kune API nenguva.
Maitiro Akanyanya Kuvaka Iyo Yakarurama API
- Shandisa Throttling
App Throttling itsika huru yekufunga nezve kutungamira mafashama etraffic, backup APIs, uye chengetedza kubva kuDoS (Denial of Service) kurwiswa.
- Funga yako API gedhi seEnforcer
Paunenge uchigadzira mitemo yekukwenya, kushandisa makiyi eAPI, kana OAuth, iyo API gedhi inofanirwa kutariswa senzvimbo yekusimbisa. Inofanira kutorwa semupurisa inobvumira vashandisi vakarurama chete kuwana ruzivo. Inofanira kukupa simba rekunyora meseji kana kugadzirisa zvakavanzika ruzivo, uye nekudaro, ongorora uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo ari kuitwa API yako.
- Bvumira kudarika nzira yeHTTP
Sezvo mamwe maproxies achingotsigira GET uye POST nzira, unofanirwa kurega yako RESTful API kudarika nzira yeHTTP. Nekuita kudaro, shandisa iyo tsika HTTP Header X-HTTP-Method-Override.
- Ongorora maAPI uye zvivakwa
Munguva yazvino, ongororo yenguva-chaiyo inokwanisika kuwana, asi ko kana iyo API sevha ichifungidzirwa kuti ine ndangariro inodonha, kudonhedza CPU, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakadaro? Kufunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, haugone kuchengeta mugadziri ari pabasa. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kuita izvi zviri nyore kuburikidza nekushandisa akawanda maturusi anowanikwa mumusika, seAWS cloud watch.
- Iva nechokwadi chekuchengeteka
Iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti yako API tekinoroji yakachengeteka asi kwete pamubhadharo wemushandisi-ushamwari. Kana chero mushandisi akashandisa anopfuura maminetsi mashanu pakusimbisa saka zvinoreva kuti API yako iri kure nekuve mushandisi-ane hushamwari. Unogona kushandisa token-based authentication kuita kuti API yako ive yakachengeteka.
- Documentation
Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, zvinobatsira kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakakura zve API yemaapplication enhare inoita kuti vamwe vanogadzira nharembozha vanzwisise zviri nyore maitiro ese uye kushandisa ruzivo rwekupa zvirinani mushandisi ruzivo. Mune mamwe mazwi, yakanaka API zvinyorwa mukuita kweiyo API budiriro inoderedza iyo nguva yekuitwa kweprojekiti, mutengo wepurojekiti uye kuwedzera API tekinoroji kushanda zvakanaka.