Kungani ukuqashelwa kwesithombe kubalulekile?

Cishe amaphesenti angama-80 wokuqukethwe ku-inthanethi kuyabonwa. Usuvele uqale ukuthola ukuthi kungani ukumaka isithombe kungase kubambe indawo yakho njengenkosi yethebula lokuqukethwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu ngabanye noma izinkampani, ukuqashelwa kwesithombe se-AI kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlonza okubonwayo ku-inthanethi ngokuphikisana okuncane. Kukhona cishe izithombe eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-657 ezithunyelwa njalo ngonyaka ngedijithali, eziningi zivela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Ingxenye enhle yalezo zithombe ngabantu abakhangisa imikhiqizo, ngisho noma benza kanjalo bengaqondile. Okuqukethwe okukhiqizwe ngumsebenzisi (i-UGC) ngendlela emsulwa kunika amandla amabhrendi amahle kakhulu njengoba kunikeza uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lokuphromotha.
Kunamathuluzi okumaketha okuxwayisa izinkampani uma kukhulunywa ngabathengi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kodwa kuthiwani uma ukukhushulwa kwemikhiqizo kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu afake amatheki egama lakhe kokuthunyelwe komphakathi? Yilapho ukuqashelwa kwesithombe se-AI kufakazela khona ukubaluleka kwakho. Uma ubuchwepheshe buphakelwa amasethi edatha alungile, i-AI ingakwazi ukuhlonza isithombe ngaphandle kokubalulwa kwethegi ethile. Imiphumela ibaluleke kakhulu kumabhrendi ukuthi alandelele futhi alandelele ukukhuluma kwawo emphakathini.

Kusebenza kanjani ukuqashelwa kwesithombe?

Njengoba sazi ukuthi i-AI ingasesha izinkundla zokuxhumana ibheka izithombe futhi iziqhathanise namasethi edatha abanzi. Ibe-ke inquma ngesithombe esifanele esifana ngenani elishesha kakhulu kunalokho abantu abakwazi ukukwenza. Amabhrendi asebenzisa ukubonwa kwesithombe ukuze athole okuqukethwe okufana nokwawo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Lokho kusho ukuhlonza ilogo yomkhiqizo noma ukuqaphela ukubekwa komkhiqizo phakathi kwabasebenzisi benkundla yezokuxhumana. Ukucela abantu ukuthi badabule ulwazi oluningi kalula kuyakhathaza. I-AI ayikhathazeki ngephutha lomuntu, futhi ibuyisela imiphumela enembayo emazingeni angenakuqhathaniswa. Ukuqashelwa kwesithombe kwe-AI kuqapha ukuthi abantu bathini ngomkhiqizo ngaphandle kwesidingo sombhalo. Amabhrendi akwazi ukulandelela ukukhuluma kwawo komphakathi ngaphandle kwabasebenzisi okudingeka bathayiphe igama lenkampani bazozithola besesimweni esihle. Amandla okungena embozweni yabo ye-inthanethi kuphela ngezihlonzi ezaziwayo ze-AI makhulu futhi anikeza ukufakwa okungenakuqhathaniswa.

Nansi eminye imisebenzi ejwayelekile yokuqashelwa kwesithombe: -

Ekuqaleni kufanele sinqume ukuthi ingabe idatha yesithombe iqukethe into ethile, isici, noma umsebenzi othile. Lo msebenzi ngokuvamile ungaxazululwa ngokuqinile futhi ngaphandle komzamo ngumuntu, kodwa namanje awukaxazululwa ngendlela egculisayo embonweni wekhompyutha wecala elijwayelekile: izinto ezingafuneki ezimweni ezingafanele. Izindlela ezikhona zokubhekana nale nkinga zingaxazululwa kangcono kuphela ezintweni ezithile, njengezinto zejiyomethri ezilula (isb, i-polyhedra), ubuso bomuntu, izinhlamvu eziphrintiwe noma ezibhalwe ngesandla, noma izimoto, futhi ezimweni ezithile, ngokuvamile ezichazwa ngamagama. yokukhanya okuchazwe kahle, ingemuva, nokuma kwento ehlobene nekhamera. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zenkinga yokuqashelwa zichazwe ezincwadini:

• Ukuqashelwa kwento

Into eyodwa noma ezimbalwa ezishiwo ngaphambili noma ezifundiwe noma izigaba zezinto zingabonwa, ngokuvamile kanye nokuma kwazo okungu-2D esithombeni noma ukuma kwe-3D endaweni yesehlakalo.

• Ukuhlonza
Kubonwa isenzakalo ngasinye sento. Izibonelo ukuhlonza ubuso bomuntu othile noma izigxivizo zeminwe, noma ukuhlonza imoto ethile.

• Ukutholwa
Idatha yesithombe iskenwa ukuze kutholwe isimo esithile. Izibonelo ukutholwa kwamaseli okungenzeka angavamile noma izicubu ezithombeni zezokwelapha noma ukutholwa kwemoto ohlelweni oluzenzakalelayo lokukhokhelwa komgwaqo. Ukuthola okusekelwe ekubalweni okulula nokusheshayo ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe izifunda ezincane zedatha yesithombe esithakazelisayo esingabuye sihlaziywe ngamasu adinga kakhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe incazelo elungile.

Kukhona imisebenzi eminingana ekhethekile esekelwe ekubonweni, njenge:

• Ukubuyiswa kwesithombe okusekelwe kokuqukethwe
Lapha sithola zonke izithombe kusethi enkulu yezithombe ezinokuqukethwe okuthile. Okuqukethwe kungacaciswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, isibonelo ngokufana okuhlobene nesithombe esiqondiwe (nginike zonke izithombe ezifana nesithombe X), noma ngokwemibandela yokusesha yezinga eliphezulu enikezwe njengokufakwa kombhalo (nginike zonke izithombe eziqukethe izindlu eziningi, ezithathwa ebusika, futhi azinamoto kuzo).

• Beka isilinganiso
kufanele silinganisele indawo noma umumo wento ethile ehlobene nekhamera. Isibonelo salolu hlelo lokusebenza kungaba ukusiza irobhothi ukubuyisa izinto ebhandeni lokuthutha esimweni somugqa wokuhlanganisa.

• Ukubonwa kwezinhlamvu zamehlo
OCR okukhomba izinhlamvu ezithombeni zombhalo ophrintiwe noma obhalwe ngesandla, ngokuvamile ngombono wokubhala ngekhodi umbhalo ngefomethi kakhudlwana futhi unike amandla ukuhlela noma ukukhomba uMnyango Wesayensi Yekhompyutha Nobunjiniyela, i-Michigan State University. “I-Pattern Recognition and Image Processing (PRIP) Lab ubuhlakani nabafundi baphenya ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini ukubona amaphethini noma izinto. Izindlela zithuthukiswa ukuzwa izinto, ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izici zazo ezizihlukanisa kwezinye, kanye nokuklama ama-algorithms angasetshenziswa umshini ukwenza ukuhlukanisa. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile zifaka ukubonwa kobuso, ukuhlonza izigxivizo zeminwe, ukuhlaziywa kwesithombe sedokhumenti, ukwakhiwa kwemodeli yento ye-3D, ukuzulazula kwerobhothi, nokubona/ukuhlola idatha yevolumu ye-3D. Izinkinga zamanje zocwaningo zifaka ukuqinisekiswa kwebhayomethrikhi, ukubhekwa okuzenzakalelayo nokulandelela, i-HCI engenazandla, ukumodela kobuso, i-watermarking yedijithali kanye nesakhiwo sokuhlaziya semibhalo ye-inthanethi. Abasanda kuthola iziqu kulebhu basebenzele ukunakwa kokubhala ngesandla, ukuqinisekiswa kwesiginesha, ukufunda okubonakalayo, kanye nokubuyisa isithombe.”

⦁ Ukuqashelwa Ubuso
siyazi ukuthi amasistimu okubona ubuso aya ngokuya aduma njengendlela yokukhipha ulwazi lwebhayomethrikhi. Ukuqashelwa kobuso kunendima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zebhayomethrikhi futhi kuyathandeka ezinhlelweni eziningi ezihlanganisa ukugada okubonakalayo nokuphepha. Ngenxa yokwamukelwa okujwayelekile komphakathi kwezithombe zobuso kumadokhumenti ahlukahlukene, ukuqashelwa kobuso kunamandla amakhulu okuba ubuchwepheshe be-biometric besizukulwane esilandelayo obukhethwayo.

Amasistimu Wokuqashelwa Kwesithombe

⦁ Ukuhlaziywa kokunyakaza
Imisebenzi eminingana ihlobene nesilinganiso sokunyakaza lapho ukulandelana kwesithombe kucutshungulwa khona ukuze kukhiqizwe isilinganiso sejubane endaweni ngayinye esithombeni noma esigcawini se-3D, noma ngisho nekhamera ekhiqiza izithombe . Izibonelo zemisebenzi enjalo yilezi:

⦁  Ukunyakaza kwe-Ego
Ukunquma ukunyakaza okuqinile kwe-3D (ukuzungezisa nokuhumusha) kwekhamera kusukela ekulandeleni kwesithombe esikhiqizwe ikhamera.

⦁ Ukulandelela
Ukulandelela kulandela ukunyakaza (ngokuvamile) kwesethi encane yezindawo ezithakaselwayo noma izinto (isb., izimoto noma abantu) ngokulandelana kwesithombe.

⦁ Ukugeleza kokubona
Lokhu ukunquma, kuphuzu ngalinye esithombeni, ukuthi lelo phuzu lihamba kanjani uma liqhathaniswa nendiza yesithombe, okungukuthi, ukunyakaza kwayo okusobala. Lokhu kunyakaza kuwumphumela wokubili wokuthi iphoyinti le-3D elihambisanayo lihamba kanjani endaweni yesehlakalo nokuthi ikhamera ihamba kanjani ngokuhlobene nendawo.

⦁ Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesigcawu
Uma kunikezwe isithombe esisodwa noma (ngokujwayelekile) ngaphezulu kwesigcawu, noma ividiyo, ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesigcawu kuhloswe ukwenza ikhompuyutha imodeli ye-3D yesigcawu. Esimeni esilula imodeli ingaba isethi yamaphuzu we-3D. Izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zikhiqiza imodeli ephelele ye-3D surface

⦁ Ukubuyiselwa kwesithombe
Inhloso yokubuyisela isithombe ukususa umsindo (umsindo wezinzwa, ukufiphala kokunyakaza, njll.) ezithombeni. Indlela elula engenzeka yokususa umsindo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezihlungi njengezihlungi ze-low-pass noma izihlungi ze-median. Izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zithatha imodeli yokuthi izakhiwo zezithombe zendawo zibukeka kanjani, imodeli ezihlukanisa nomsindo. Ngokuqala uhlaziye idatha yesithombe ngokwezakhiwo zesithombe sendawo, njengemigqa noma imiphetho, bese ulawula ukuhlunga ngokusekelwe olwazini lwendawo olusuka esinyathelweni sokuhlaziya, izinga elingcono lokususwa komsindo ngokuvamile litholwa uma liqhathaniswa nezindlela ezilula. Isibonelo kulo mkhakha umdwebo wabo. Amanye amasistimu ayizinhlelo zokusebenza ezizimele zodwa ezixazulula inkinga ethile yokulinganisa noma yokuthola, kuyilapho ezinye zakha isistimu encane yomklamo omkhulu, isibonelo, equkethe namasistimu angaphansi okulawula ama-actuator emishini, ukuhlela, imininingwane yolwazi, umuntu- ukuxhumana komshini, njll. Ukuqaliswa okukhethekile kwesistimu yombono wekhompuyutha nakho kuncike ekutheni ukusebenza kwayo kuchazwe kusengaphambili noma uma ingxenye ethile yayo ingafundwa noma ilungiswe phakathi nokusebenza. Kukhona, nokho, imisebenzi ejwayelekile etholakala ezinhlelweni eziningi zokubona zekhompyutha.

 

Ukufunda okujulile ngokuqashelwa kwesithombe

Ukubonwa kwesithombe bekukhona ngaphambi kwe-AI. Nokho into yokufunda komshini iguqula izindlela zokuhlonza into noma ubuso bomuntu. Ukufunda ngomshini kusebenza kuphela uma kunedatha yokuwuphakela, nokho. Kuwo wonke ama-automation we-AI, ukuyinika umsebenzi wokukhomba izithombe akusona isicelo esilula. Ukuqonda kwethu okubonwayo kuyimvelo yesibili; yinto ehlelelwe ukuthi siyenze kusukela sisebancane. Ukubuza okufanayo ngomshini akuyona inqubo eqondile. Ngaleso sizathu, enye yezindlela ezidume kakhulu zokuqashelwa kwe-AI i-convolutional neural networks (CNN). I-CNN iyindlela egxile kumaphikseli aseduze kwelinye. Izithombe eziseduze kungenzeka zihlobane, okusho ukuthi into noma ubuso bufaniswa nesithombe esibonisa ngale.
Ngenkathi amabhrendi abheke ukwenza imali ezinkundleni zokuxhumana nakuba ukuqashelwa kwesithombe se-AI kunezinzuzo ezicacile, izimo zokusebenzisa kwazo zijula ​​kakhulu. Izimoto ezizishayelayo sezizoba into enkulu elandelayo emhlabeni wezimoto, futhi ubuchwepheshe bokubona isithombe be-AI buyasiza ukuzinika amandla. Imoto ezishayelayo ekwazi ukubona izinto nabantu emgwaqeni ukuze ingashayisi kubo ayizenzekeli. Idinga ukubona izithombe ukuze yenze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Imoto ngayinye ezishayelayo ifakwe izinzwa ezimbalwa ukuze ikwazi ukuhlonza ezinye izimoto ezihambayo, abagibeli bamabhayisikili, abantu - ngokuyisisekelo noma yini engaba yingozi. Imoto ezenzakalelayo idinga ukucubungula izingozi zomgwaqo ngendlela efanayo nomshayeli ongumakadebona. Kusenezici ezimbalwa okufanele zilungiswe ngaphambi kokuthi izimoto ezizishayelayo zingene emgwaqeni ngo-2020. Kodwa uma i-automation yezimoto ingena, ukuqashelwa kwesithombe se-AI kuzoba omunye wabashayeli abakhulu abasemva kwabo abasebenza ngokuphepha.
⦁ Ukuthola isithombe
Isithombe sedijithali sikhiqizwa inzwa yesithombe eyodwa noma ezimbalwa, okuthi, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhamera azwela ukukhanya, afake izinzwa zebanga, amadivaysi e-tomography, i-radar, amakhamera e-ultra-sonic, njll. Kuye ngohlobo lwenzwa, idatha yesithombe ewumphumela. isithombe esijwayelekile se-2D, ivolumu ye-3D, noma ukulandelana kwesithombe. Amanani ephikseli ngokuvamile ahambisana nokuqina kokukhanya kubhendi eyodwa ye-spectral eyodwa noma ezimbalwa (izithombe ezimpunga noma izithombe ezinemibala), kodwa futhi angahlotshaniswa nezinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, njengokujula, ukumuncwa noma ukubonakaliswa kwamagagasi e-sonic noma kagesi, noma i-nuclear magnetic resonance.
⦁ Ukucubungula ngaphambilini:
Ngaphambi kokuthi indlela yombono wekhompyutha isetshenziswe kudatha yesithombe ukuze kukhishwe ucezu oluthile lolwazi, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukucubungula idatha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yenelisa ukucatshangelwa okuthile okushiwo indlela. Izibonelo yilezi
1. Ukuphinda kwenziwe isampula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isistimu yokudidiyela isithombe ilungile.
2. Ukuncishiswa komsindo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umsindo wezinzwa awethuli ulwazi olungamanga.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqhathanisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ulwazi olufanele lungatholwa.
4. Ukumelwa kwesikhala sokulinganisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zesithombe esikalini esifanele endaweni.
⦁ Ukukhishwa kwesici:
Izici zesithombe kumaleveli ahlukahlukene wobunzima zikhishwa kudatha yesithombe. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zezici ezinjalo yimigqa, imiphetho nama-ridge
Amaphoyinti entshisakalo enziwe ngokwendawo njengamakhona, ama-blobs noma amaphuzu. Ezinye izici eziyinkimbinkimbi zingase zihlobane nokuthungwa, ukuma noma ukunyakaza.
⦁ Ukutholwa/ukuhlukaniswa:
Ngesinye isikhathi ekucubungulweni kwesinqumo senziwa mayelana nokuthi imaphi amaphoyinti esithombe noma izifunda zesithombe ezifanele ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokucutshungulwa. Izibonelo yilezi
1. Ukukhethwa kwesethi ethile yamaphoyinti entshisakalo
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesifunda esisodwa noma eziningi zesithombe esiqukethe into ethile oyithandayo.
⦁ Ukucubungula kwezinga eliphezulu:
Kulesi sinyathelo okokufaka ngokuvamile kuyisethi encane yedatha, isibonelo isethi yamaphoyinti noma indawo yesithombe esithathwa njengequkethe into ethile. Ukucubungula okusele kusebenzisana, isibonelo:
1. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha inelisa ukuqagela okusekelwe kumodeli nokucaciswa kohlelo lokusebenza.
2. Isilinganiso samapharamitha athile wohlelo lokusebenza, njengokuma kwento noma usayizi wento.
3. Ukuhlukanisa into etholiwe ngezigaba ezahlukene.Ngakho, ukucutshungulwa kwesithombe kusiza i-AI ukuhlonza isithombe bese iphendula ngokuvumelana nokuhlonza isithombe.

Ikusasa elingenazihibe lesithombe

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ukuqashelwa kwesithombe kuzobuyisela imiphumela emikhulu nakakhulu. Inhloko Yokufunda Ngomshini eLobster, uVladimir Pavlov uthi, “Isisekelo sezibalo sokuqashelwa kwento sesinesikhathi eside sikhona, kodwa amathuba obuchwepheshe okusebenzisa ama-algorithms okubona ngekhompyutha avele muva nje. Kakade, amanethiwekhi e-neural avumela ukwenza izitholi eziphelele ezikwazi ukusebenza kangcono kunabantu. I-jerk enkulu ibamba ukuba khona kwedathasethi yezithombe ezimakiwe zokuqeqeshwa, kodwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, lokhu ngeke kube yinkinga. Onjiniyela bamakhompiyutha basebenza ngenkuthalo ekuzifundiseni izindlela zokuzifundela”. Njengoba ikusasa lithonywe kakhulu ukuxhumana okubonwayo, ukuqashelwa kwezithombe kuzoba yisici esiyinhloko ngemuva kwezithombe eziningi esizibonayo. Kokubili empilweni yangempela naku-inthanethi.